Switching to sports for a moment. Dubner & Levitt (the Freakonomics guys) highlight the Expert Performance Movement, led by Anders Ericsson. The idea is that great "talents" in any given field aren't as naturally gifted as might be assumed, but that they have honed their skills through deliberate practice:
Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task — playing a C-minor scale 100 times, for instance, or hitting tennis serves until your shoulder pops out of its socket. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
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